66 CE - Beginning of Jewish Revolt against the Romans.

 

70 CE – Destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple.

 

73 CE – Jews Defeated at Masada.

 

132 – 135 CE – Bar Kokhba Revolt against the Romans.

 

313 – 614 CE – Byzantine Rule.  The building of many churches over Christian holy sites.

 

614 – 629 CE – Persian Invasion and second Persian Rule.  Destruction of many Byzantine built churches.

 

629 – 636 CE – Byzantine regain control.

 

636 – 1099 CE – Arab (Caliphate) Rule.  The Arab conquest of the land lasted more than four centuries under the following leadership:

- 661 – 749 CE – Umayyads.  Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Abd el-Malik (691 CE) upon the site of the First and Second Temples.  The Al-Aqsa Mosque is built (705-715 CE).  Jews were permitted to return to Jerusalem and became caretakers of the Temple Mount.

- 749 – 877 CE – Abbasids.  Jews were forbidden to enter the Temple Mount.

- 877 – 906 CE – Tulunids.

- 906 – 935 CE – Abbasids II.

- 935 – 969 CE – Ikhhidids.

- 970 – 1079 CE – Fatimids.  Church of the Holy Sepulchre destroyed.

- 1079 – 1099 CE – Seljuks.

 

1099 – 1291 CE – The Crusader Period.

 

1291 – 1517 CE – Mamluk Rule.

 

1310 CE – The Citadel of David was reinforced.

 

1517 – 1917 CE – Ottoman Rule.

 

1764 CE – The first Chasidim migrate to Palestine.

 

1799 CE – The Jewish community of Gaza fled the city on the eve of Napoleon’s arrival.

 

1860 CE – Jerusalem expands with the first new neighborhood outside the city walls.

 

1882 – 1903 CE – First Aliyah – Mainly from Russia.

 

1891 CE – Arab protests against Jewish settlers in Palestine.

 

1897 CE – First International Congress of Zionists.

 

1904 – 1914 CE – Second Aliyah – Mainly of Socialist Zionists from east Europe.  They begin the Labor and Kibbutz movements.

 

1908 – 1909 CE – Arab opposition to Jewish settlements intensifies.

 

1917 – 1948 CE – British Mandate Period.

 

1917 CE – Balfour Declaration – The British Foreign Minister Balfour formally pledges support for the establishment of a “Jewish national home in Palestine”.  Arab revolt: Lawrence takes Aqaba.  General Allenby enters Jerusalem.  Britain conquers Palestine, ending 400 years of Ottoman rule.

 

1919 – 1923 CE – Third Aliyah – Mainly from Russia and Hungary, including many young trained farmers.

 

1920 – 1921 CE – Arab anti-Jewish riots in Palestine.

 

1921 CE – TransJordan, the Eastern part of British Mandatory Palestine, promised to Abdullah.

 

1924 – 1932 CE – Fourth Aliyah – Mainly Polish and urban Jews.

 

1925 CE – Hebrew University of Jerusalem opens.

 

1929 CE – Arab riots in Jerusalem, Hebron, and Safed.

 

1931 CE – Irgun Tzevai Leumi established.

 

1933 – 1935 CE – Fifth Aliyah – Mostly German refugees.

 

1939 – 1942 CE – Co-operation between British forces and Jews in Palestine.